7-bit Character Codes 32–126

These are the basic glyphs having 7-bit ASCII code values assigned. They are identical to the printable characters of the character standards ISO-8859-1 (latin1) and Unicode (range Basic Latin). The glyph names used in composite glyph names are `u0020' up to `u007E'. Note that input characters in the range 0-31 and character 127 are not printable characters. Most of them are invalid input characters for groff anyway, and the valid ones have special meaning. For EBCDIC, the printable characters are in the range 66-255.

48-57

Decimal digits 0 to 9 (print as themselves).

65-90

Upper case letters A-Z (print as themselves).

97-122

Lower case letters a–z (print as themselves).

Most of the remaining characters not in the just described ranges print as themselves; the only exceptions are the following characters:

`

the ISO latin1 `Grave Accent' (code 96) prints as `, a left single quotation mark; the original character can be obtained with `\`'.

'

the ISO latin1 `Apostrophe' (code 39) prints as ', a right single quotation mark; the original character can be obtained with `\(aq'.

-

the ISO latin1 `Hyphen, Minus Sign' (code 45) prints as a hyphen; a minus sign can be obtained with `\-'.

~

the ISO latin1 `Tilde' (code 126) is reduced in size to be usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with `\(ti'.

^

the ISO latin1 `Circumflex Accent' (code 94) is reduced in size to be usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with `\(ha'.

Output	Input	Code	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
		33	exclam	u0021
		34	quotedbl	u0022
		35	numbersign	u0023
		36	dollar	u0024
		37	percent	u0025
		38	ampersand	u0026
		39	quoteright	u0027
		40	parenleft	u0028
		41	parenright	u0029
		42	asterisk	u002A
		43	plus	u002B
		44	comma	u002C
		45	hyphen	u2010
		46	period	u002E
		47	slash	u002F
		58	colon	u003A
		59	semicolon	u003B
		60	less	u003C
		61	equal	u003D
		62	greater	u003E
		63	question	u003F
		64	at	u0040
		91	bracketleft	u005B
		92	backslash	u005C
		93	bracketright	u005D
		94	circumflex	u005E	circumflex accent
		95	underscore	u005F
		96	quoteleft	u0060
		123	braceleft	u007B
		124	bar	u007C
		125	braceright	u007D
		126	tilde	u007E	tilde accent

8-bit Character Codes 160 to 255

They are interpreted as printable characters according to the latin1 (ISO-8859-1) code set, being identical to the Unicode range Latin-1 Supplement. Input characters in range 128-159 (on non-EBCDIC hosts) are not printable characters.

160

the ISO latin1 no-break space is mapped to `\~', the stretchable space character.

173

the soft hyphen control character. groff never uses this character for output (thus it is omitted in the table below); the input character 173 is mapped onto `\%'.

The remaining ranges (161-172, 174-255) are printable characters that print as themselves. Although they can be specified directly with the keyboard on systems with a latin1 code page, it is better to use their glyph names; see next section.

Output	Input	Code	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
		161	exclamdown	u00A1	inverted exclamation mark
		162	cent	u00A2
		163	sterling	u00A3
		164	currency	u00A4
		165	yen	u00A5
		166	brokenbar	u00A6
		167	section	u00A7
		168	dieresis	u00A8
		169	copyright	u00A9
		170	ordfeminine	u00AA
		171	guillemotleft	u00AB
		172	logicalnot	u00AC
		174	registered	u00AE
		175	macron	u00AF
		176	degree	u00B0
		177	plusminus	u00B1
		178	twosuperior	u00B2
		179	threesuperior	u00B3
		180	acute	u00B4	acute accent
		181	mu	u00B5	micro sign
		182	paragraph	u00B6
		183	periodcentered	u00B7
		184	cedilla	u00B8
		185	onesuperior	u00B9
		186	ordmasculine	u00BA
		187	guillemotright	u00BB
		188	onequarter	u00BC
		189	onehalf	u00BD
		190	threequarters	u00BE
		191	questiondown	u00BF
		192	Agrave	u0041_0300
		193	Aacute	u0041_0301
		194	Acircumflex	u0041_0302
		195	Atilde	u0041_0303
		196	Adieresis	u0041_0308
		197	Aring	u0041_030A
		198	AE	u00C6
		199	Ccedilla	u0043_0327
		200	Egrave	u0045_0300
		201	Eacute	u0045_0301
		202	Ecircumflex	u0045_0302
		203	Edieresis	u0045_0308
		204	Igrave	u0049_0300
		205	Iacute	u0049_0301
		206	Icircumflex	u0049_0302
		207	Idieresis	u0049_0308
		208	Eth	u00D0
		209	Ntilde	u004E_0303
		210	Ograve	u004F_0300
		211	Oacute	u004F_0301
		212	Ocircumflex	u004F_0302
		213	Otilde	u004F_0303
		214	Odieresis	u004F_0308
		215	multiply	u00D7
		216	Oslash	u00D8
		217	Ugrave	u0055_0300
		218	Uacute	u0055_0301
		219	Ucircumflex	u0055_0302
		220	Udieresis	u0055_0308
		221	Yacute	u0059_0301
		222	Thorn	u00DE
		223	germandbls	u00DF
		224	agrave	u0061_0300
		225	aacute	u0061_0301
		226	acircumflex	u0061_0302
		227	atilde	u0061_0303
		228	adieresis	u0061_0308
		229	aring	u0061_030A
		230	ae	u00E6
		231	ccedilla	u0063_0327
		232	egrave	u0065_0300
		233	eacute	u0065_0301
		234	ecircumflex	u0065_0302
		235	edieresis	u0065_0308
		236	igrave	u0069_0300
		237	iacute	u0069_0301
		238	icircumflex	u0069_0302
		239	idieresis	u0069_0308
		240	eth	u00F0
		241	ntilde	u006E_0303
		242	ograve	u006F_0300
		243	oacute	u006F_0301
		244	ocircumflex	u006F_0302
		245	otilde	u006F_0303
		246	odieresis	u006F_0308
		247	divide	u00F7
		248	oslash	u00F8
		249	ugrave	u0075_0300
		250	uacute	u0075_0301
		251	ucircumflex	u0075_0302
		252	udieresis	u0075_0308
		253	yacute	u0079_0301
		254	thorn	u00FE
		255	ydieresis	u0079_0308

Named Glyphs

Glyph names can be embedded into the document text by using escape sequences. groff(7) describes how these escape sequences look. Glyph names can consist of quite arbitrary characters from the ASCII or latin1 code set, not only alphanumeric characters. Here some examples:

\(ch

A glyph having the 2-character name ch.

\[,char_name/]

A glyph having the name char_name (having length 1, 2, 3, ...). Note that ` c' is not the same as `\[, c/]' (,c a single character): The latter is internally mapped to glyph name `\ c'. By default, groff defines a single glyph name starting with a backslash, namely `\-', which can be either accessed as `\-' or `\[-]'.

\[,base_glyph composite_1 composite_2 .../]

A composite glyph; see below for a more detailed description.

In groff, each 8-bit input character can also referred to by the construct `\[char, n/]' where n is the decimal code of the character, a number between 0 and 255 without leading zeros (those entities are not glyph names). They are normally mapped onto glyphs using the .trin request. Another special convention is the handling of glyphs with names directly derived from a Unicode code point; this is discussed below. Moreover, new glyph names can be created by the .char request; see groff(7). In the following, a plus sign in the `Notes' column indicates that this particular glyph name appears in the PS version of the original troff documentation, CSTR 54. Entries marked with `***' denote glyphs for mathematical purposes (mainly used for DVI output). Normally, such glyphs have metrics which make them unusable in normal text.

Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
Ð	\[-D]	Eth	u00D0	uppercase eth
ð	\[Sd]	eth	u00F0	lowercase eth
Þ	\[TP]	Thorn	u00DE	uppercase thorn
þ	\[Tp]	thorn	u00FE	lowercase thorn
ß	\[ss]	germandbls	u00DF	German sharp s

Ligatures and Other Latin Glyphs

Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
ff	\[ff]	ff	u0066_0066	ff ligature +
fi	\[fi]	fi	u0066_0069	fi ligature +
fl	\[fl]	fl	u0066_006C	fl ligature +
ffi	\[Fi]	ffi	u0066_0066_0069	ffi ligature +
ffl	\[Fl]	ffl	u0066_0066_006C	ffl ligature +
Ł	\[/L]	Lslash	u0141	(Polish)
ł	\[/l]	lslash	u0142	(Polish)
Ø	\[/O]	Oslash	u00D8	(Scandinavian)
ø	\[/o]	oslash	u00F8	(Scandinavian)
Æ	\[AE]	AE	u00C6
æ	\[ae]	ae	u00E6
Œ	\[OE]	OE	u0152
œ	\[oe]	oe	u0153
IJ	\[IJ]	IJ	u0132	(Dutch)
ij	\[ij]	ij	u0133	(Dutch)
ı	\[.i]	dotlessi	u0131	(Turkish)
ȷ	\[.j]	dotlessj	u0237	j without a dot

Accented Characters

Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
Á	\['A]	Aacute	u0041_0301
	\['C]	Cacute	u0043_0301
É	\['E]	Eacute	u0045_0301
Í	\['I]	Iacute	u0049_0301
Ó	\['O]	Oacute	u004F_0301
Ú	\['U]	Uacute	u0055_0301
	\['Y]	Yacute	u0059_0301
á	\['a]	aacute	u0061_0301
	\['c]	cacute	u0063_0301
é	\['e]	eacute	u0065_0301
í	\['i]	iacute	u0069_0301
ó	\['o]	oacute	u006F_0301
ú	\['u]	uacute	u0075_0301
	\['y]	yacute	u0079_0301
Ä	\[:A]	Adieresis	u0041_0308	A with umlaut
Ë	\[:E]	Edieresis	u0045_0308
Ï	\[:I]	Idieresis	u0049_0308
Ö	\[:O]	Odieresis	u004F_0308
Ü	\[:U]	Udieresis	u0055_0308
	\[:Y]	Ydieresis	u0059_0308
ä	\[:a]	adieresis	u0061_0308
ë	\[:e]	edieresis	u0065_0308
ï	\[:i]	idieresis	u0069_0308
ö	\[:o]	odieresis	u006F_0308
ü	\[:u]	udieresis	u0075_0308
ÿ	\[:y]	ydieresis	u0079_0308
Â	\[^A]	Acircumflex	u0041_0302
Ê	\[^E]	Ecircumflex	u0045_0302
Î	\[^I]	Icircumflex	u0049_0302
Ô	\[^O]	Ocircumflex	u004F_0302
Û	\[^U]	Ucircumflex	u0055_0302
â	\[^a]	acircumflex	u0061_0302
ê	\[^e]	ecircumflex	u0065_0302
î	\[^i]	icircumflex	u0069_0302
ô	\[^o]	ocircumflex	u006F_0302
û	\[^u]	ucircumflex	u0075_0302
À	\[`A]	Agrave	u0041_0300
È	\[`E]	Egrave	u0045_0300
Ì	\[`I]	Igrave	u0049_0300
Ò	\[`O]	Ograve	u004F_0300
Ù	\[`U]	Ugrave	u0055_0300
à	\[`a]	agrave	u0061_0300
è	\[`e]	egrave	u0065_0300
ì	\[`i]	igrave	u0069_0300
ò	\[`o]	ograve	u006F_0300
ù	\[`u]	ugrave	u0075_0300
Ã	\[~A]	Atilde	u0041_0303
Ñ	\[~N]	Ntilde	u004E_0303
Õ	\[~O]	Otilde	u004F_0303
ã	\[~a]	atilde	u0061_0303
ñ	\[~n]	ntilde	u006E_0303
õ	\[~o]	otilde	u006F_0303
	\[vS]	Scaron	u0053_030C
	\[vs]	scaron	u0073_030C
	\[vZ]	Zcaron	u005A_030C
	\[vz]	zcaron	u007A_030C
Ç	\[,C]	Ccedilla	u0043_0327
ç	\[,c]	ccedilla	u0063_0327
Å	\[oA]	Aring	u0041_030A
å	\[oa]	aring	u0061_030A

Accents The composite request is used to map most of the accents to non-spacing glyph names; the values given in parentheses are the original (spacing) ones.

Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
˝	\[a"]	hungarumlaut	u030B (u02DD)	(Hungarian)
¯	\[a-]	macron	u0304 (u00AF)
˙	\[a.]	dotaccent	u0307 (u02D9)
^	\[a^]	circumfle	u0302 (u005E)
´	\[aa]	acute	u0301 (u00B4)	+
`	\[ga]	grave	u0300 (u0060)	+
˘	\[ab]	breve	u0306 (u02D8)
¸	\[ac]	cedilla	u0327 (u00B8)
¨	\[ad]	dieresis	u0308 (u00A8)	umlaut
ˇ	\[ah]	caron	u030C (u02C7)
˚	\[ao]	ring	u030A (u02DA)	circle
~	\[a~]	tilde	u0303 (u007E)
˛	\[ho]	ogonek	u0328 (u02DB)	hook
^	\[ha]	asciicircum	u005E	(spacing)
~	\[ti]	asciitilde	u007E	(spacing)

Quotes

Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
„	\[Bq]	quotedblbase	u201E	low double comma quote
‚	\[bq]	quotesinglbase	u201A	low single comma quote
“	\[lq]	quotedblleft	u201C
”	\[rq]	quotedblright	u201D
‘	\[oq]	quoteleft	u2018	single open quote
’	\[cq]	quoteright	u2019	single closing quote
'	\[aq]	quotesingle	u0027	apostrophe quote (ASCII 39)
"	\[dq]	quotedbl	u0022	double quote (ASCII 34)
«	\[Fo]	guillemotleft	u00AB
»	\[Fc]	guillemotright	u00BB
‹	\[fo]	guilsinglleft	u2039
›	\[fc]	guilsinglright	u203A

Punctuation

Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode Notes
¡	\[r!]	exclamdown	u00A1
¿	\[r?]	questiondown	u00BF
—	\[em]	emdash	u2014	+
–	\[en]	endash	u2013
‐	\[hy]	hyphen	u2010	+

Brackets The extensible bracket pieces are font-invariant glyphs. In classical troff only one glyph was available to vertically extend brackets, braces, and parentheses: `bv'. We map it rather arbitrarily to u23AA. Note that not all devices contain extensible bracket pieces which can be piled up with `\b' due to the restrictions of the escape's piling algorithm. A general solution to build brackets out of pieces is the following macro:
Another complication is the fact that some glyphs which represent bracket pieces in original troff can be used for other mathematical symbols also, for example `lf' and `rf' which provide the `floor' operator. Other devices (most notably for DVI output) don't unify such glyphs. For this reason, the four glyphs `lf', `rf', `lc', and `rc' are not unified with similarly looking bracket pieces. In groff, only glyphs with long names are guaranteed to pile up correctly for all devices (provided those glyphs exist).

Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
[	\[lB]	bracketleft	u005B
]	\[rB]	bracketright	u005D
{	\[lC]	braceleft	u007B
}	\[rC]	braceright	u007D
⟨	\[la]	angleleft	u27E8	left angle bracket
⟩	\[ra]	angleright	u27E9	right angle bracket
⎪	\[bv]	braceex	u23AA	vertical extension *** +
⎪	\[braceex]	braceex	u23AA
⎡	\[bracketlefttp]	bracketlefttp	u23A1
⎣	\[bracketleftbt]	bracketleftbt	u23A3
⎢	\[bracketleftex]	bracketleftex	u23A2
⎤	\[bracketrighttp]	bracketrighttp	u23A4
⎦	\[bracketrightbt]	bracketrightbt	u23A6
⎥	\[bracketrightex]	bracketrightex	u23A5
⎧	\[lt]	bracelefttp	u23A7	+
⎧	\[bracelefttp]	bracelefttp	u23A7
⎨	\[lk]	braceleftmid	u23A8	+
⎨	\[braceleftmid]	braceleftmid	u23A8
⎩	\[lb]	braceleftbt	u23A9	+
⎩	\[braceleftbt]	braceleftbt	u23A9
⎪	\[braceleftex]	braceleftex	u23AA
⎫	\[rt]	bracerighttp	u23AB	+
⎫	\[bracerighttp]	bracerighttp	u23AB
⎬	\[rk]	bracerightmid	u23AC	+
⎬	\[bracerightmid]	bracerightmid	u23AC
⎭	\[rb]	bracerightbt	u23AD	+
⎭	\[bracerightbt]	bracerightbt	u23AD
⎪	\[bracerightex]	bracerightex	u23AA
.
⎛	\[parenlefttp]	parenlefttp	u239B
⎝	\[parenleftbt]	parenleftbt	u239D
⎜	\[parenleftex]	parenleftex	u239C
⎞	\[parenrighttp]	parenrighttp	u239E
⎠	\[parenrightbt]	parenrightbt	u23A0
⎟	\[parenrightex]	parenrightex	u239F

Arrows

Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
←	\[<-]	arrowleft	u2190	+
→	\[->]	arrowright	u2192	+
↔	\[<>]	arrowboth	u2194	(horizontal)
↓	\[da]	arrowdown	u2193	+
↑	\[ua]	arrowup	u2191	+
↕	\[va]	arrowupdn	u2195
⇐	\[lA]	arrowdblleft	u21D0
⇒	\[rA]	arrowdblright	u21D2
⇔	\[hA]	arrowdblboth	u21D4	(horizontal)
⇓	\[dA]	arrowdbldown	u21D3
⇑	\[uA]	arrowdblup	u21D1
⇕	\[vA]	uni21D5	u21D5	vertical double-headed double arrow
	\[an]	arrowhorizex	u23AF	horizontal arrow extension

Lines The font-invariant glyphs `br', `ul', and `rn' form corners; they can be used to build boxes. Note that both the PostScript and the Unicode-derived names of these three glyphs are just rough approximations. `rn' also serves in classical troff as the horizontal extension of the square root sign. `ru' is a font-invariant glyph, namely a rule of length 0.5m.

Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
|	\[ba]	bar	u007C
│	\[br]	SF110000	u2502	box rule +
_	\[ul]	underscore	u005F	+
‾	\[rn]	overline	u203E	+
	\[ru]	---	---	baseline rule +
¦	\[bb]	brokenbar	u00A6
/	\[sl]	slash	u002F	+
\	\[rs]	backslash	u005C	reverse solidus

Use `\[radicalex]', not `\[overline]', for continuation of square root. Text markers

Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
○	\[ci]	circle	u25CB	+
•	\[bu]	bullet	u2022	+
‡	\[dd]	daggerdbl	u2021	double dagger sign +
†	\[dg]	dagger	u2020	+
◊	\[lz]	lozenge	u25CA
□	\[sq]	uni25A1	u25A1	white square +
¶	\[ps]	paragraph	u00B6
§	\[sc]	section	u00A7	+
☜	\[lh]	uni261C	u261C	hand pointing left +
☞	\[rh]	a14	u261E	hand pointing right +
@	\[at]	at	u0040
#	\[sh]	numbersign	u0023
↵	\[CR]	carriagereturn	u21B5
✓	\[OK]	a19	u2713	check mark, tick

Legal Symbols

Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
©	\[co]	copyright	u00A9	+
®	\[rg]	registered	u00AE	+
™	\[tm]	trademark	u2122
	\[bs]	---	---	AT&T Bell Labs logo +

The Bell Labs logo is not supported in groff. Currency symbols

Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
$	\[Do]	dollar	u0024
¢	\[ct]	cent	u00A2	+
€	\[eu]	---	u20AC	official Euro symbol
€	\[Eu]	Euro	u20AC	font-specific Euro glyph variant
¥	\[Ye]	yen	u00A5
£	\[Po]	sterling	u00A3	British currency sign
¤	\[Cs]	currency	u00A4	Scandinavian currency sign
ƒ	\[Fn]	florin	u0192	Dutch currency sign

Units

Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
°	\[de]	degree	u00B0	+
‰	\[%0]	perthousand	u2030	per thousand, per mille sign
′	\[fm]	minute	u2032	footmark, prime +
″	\[sd]	second	u2033
µ	\[mc]	mu	u00B5	micro sign
	\[Of]	ordfeminine	u00AA
	\[Om]	ordmasculine	u00BA

Logical Symbols

Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
∧	\[AN]	logicaland	u2227
∨	\[OR]	logicalor	u2228
¬	\[no]	logicalnot	u00AC	+
¬	\[tno]	logicalnot	u00AC	text variant of `no'
∃	\[te]	existential	u2203	there exists
∀	\[fa]	universal	u2200	for all
∋	\[st]	suchthat	u220B
∴	\[3d]	therefore	u2234
∴	\[tf]	therefore	u2234
|	\[or]	bar	u007C	bitwise OR operator (as used in C) +

Mathematical Symbols

Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
½	\[12]	onehalf	u00BD	+
¼	\[14]	onequarter	u00BC	+
¾	\[34]	threequarters	u00BE	+
	\[18]	oneeighth	u215B
	\[38]	threeeighths	u215C
	\[58]	fiveeighths	u215D
	\[78]	seveneighths	u215E
	\[S1]	onesuperior	u00B9
	\[S2]	twosuperior	u00B2
	\[S3]	threesuperior	u00B3
+	\[pl]	plus	u002B	plus in special font +
−	\[mi]	minus	u2212	minus in special font +
∓	\[-+]	uni2213	u2213
±	\[+-]	plusminus	u00B1	+
±	\[t+-]	plusminus	u00B1	text variant of `+-'
·	\[pc]	periodcentered	u00B7
⋅	\[md]	dotmath	u22C5	multiplication dot
×	\[mu]	multiply	u00D7	+
×	\[tmu]	multiply	u00D7	text variant of `mu'
⊗	\[c*]	circlemultiply	u2297	multiply sign in a circle
⊕	\[c+]	circleplus	u2295	plus in a circle
÷	\[di]	divide	u00F7	division +
÷	\[tdi]	divide	u00F7	text variant of `di'
⁄	\[f/]	fraction	u2044	bar for fractions
∗	\[**]	asteriskmath	u2217	+
≤	\[<=]	lessequal	u2264	+
≥	\[>=]	greaterequal	u2265	+
≪	\[<<]	uni226A	u226A	much less
≫	\[>>]	uni226B	u226B	much greater
=	\[eq]	equal	u003D	equals in special font +
≠	\[!=]	notequal	u003D_0338	+
≡	\[==]	equivalence	u2261	+
≢	\[ne]	uni2262	u2261_0338
≅	\[=~]	congruent	u2245	approx. equal
≃	\[|=]	uni2243	u2243	asymptot. equal to +
∼	\[ap]	similar	u223C	+
≈	\[~~]	approxequal	u2248	almost equal to
≈	\[~=]	approxequal	u2248
∝	\[pt]	proportional	u221D	+
∅	\[es]	emptyset	u2205	+
∈	\[mo]	element	u2208	+
∉	\[nm]	notelement	u2208_0338
⊂	\[sb]	propersubset	u2282	+
⊄	\[nb]	notsubset	u2282_0338
⊃	\[sp]	propersuperset	u2283	+
⊅	\[nc]	uni2285	u2283_0338	not superset
⊆	\[ib]	reflexsubset	u2286	+
⊇	\[ip]	reflexsuperset	u2287	+
∩	\[ca]	intersection	u2229	intersection, cap +
∪	\[cu]	union	u222A	union, cup +
∠	\[/_]	angle	u2220
⊥	\[pp]	perpendicular	u22A5
∫	\[is]	integral	u222B	+
∫	\[integral]	integral	u222B	***
∑	\[sum]	summation	u2211	***
∏	\[product]	product	u220F	***
∐	\[coproduct]	uni2210	u2210	***
∇	\[gr]	gradient	u2207	+
√	\[sr]	radical	u221A	square root +
√	\[sqrt]	radical	u221A	***
	\[radicalex]	radicalex	---	square root continuation
	\[sqrtex]	radicalex	---	***
⌈	\[lc]	uni2308	u2308	left ceiling +
⌉	\[rc]	uni2309	u2309	right ceiling +
⌊	\[lf]	uni230A	u230A	left floor +
⌋	\[rf]	uni230B	u230B	right floor +
∞	\[if]	infinity	u221E	+
ℵ	\[Ah]	aleph	u2135
ℑ	\[Im]	Ifraktur	u2111	Gothic I, imaginary
ℜ	\[Re]	Rfraktur	u211C	Gothic R, real
	\[wp]	weierstrass	u2118	Weierstrass p
∂	\[pd]	partialdiff	u2202	partial differentiation +
ℏ	\[-h]	uni210F	u210F	Planck constant / 2pi
	\[hbar]	uni210F	u210F

Greek glyphs These glyphs are intended for technical use, not for real Greek; normally, the uppercase letters have upright shape, and the lowercase ones are slanted. There is a problem with the mapping of letter phi to Unicode. Prior to Unicode version 3.0, the difference between U+03C6, GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI, and U+03D5, GREEK PHI SYMBOL, was not clearly described; only the glyph shapes in the Unicode book could be used as a reference. Starting with Unicode 3.0, the reference glyphs have been exchanged and described verbally also: In mathematical context, U+03D5 is the stroked variant and U+03C6 the curly glyph. Unfortunately, most font vendors didn't update their fonts to this (incompatible) change in Unicode. At the time of this writing (January 2006), it is not clear yet whether the Adobe Glyph Names `phi' and `phi1' also change its meaning if used for mathematics, thus compatibility problems are likely to happen – being conservative, groff currently assumes that `phi' in a PostScript symbol font is the stroked version. In groff, symbol `\[*f]' always denotes the stroked version of phi, and `\[+f]' the curly variant.

Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
Α	\[*A]	Alpha	u0391	+
Β	\[*B]	Beta	u0392	+
Γ	\[*G]	Gamma	u0393	+
Δ	\[*D]	Delta	u0394	+
Ε	\[*E]	Epsilon	u0395	+
Ζ	\[*Z]	Zeta	u0396	+
Η	\[*Y]	Eta	u0397	+
Θ	\[*H]	Theta	u0398	+
Ι	\[*I]	Iota	u0399	+
Κ	\[*K]	Kappa	u039A	+
Λ	\[*L]	Lambda	u039B	+
Μ	\[*M]	Mu	u039C	+
Ν	\[*N]	Nu	u039D	+
Ξ	\[*C]	Xi	u039E	+
Ο	\[*O]	Omicron	u039F	+
Π	\[*P]	Pi	u03A0	+
Ρ	\[*R]	Rho	u03A1	+
Σ	\[*S]	Sigma	u03A3	+
Τ	\[*T]	Tau	u03A4	+
Υ	\[*U]	Upsilon	u03A5	+
Φ	\[*F]	Phi	u03A6	+
Χ	\[*X]	Chi	u03A7	+
Ψ	\[*Q]	Psi	u03A8	+
Ω	\[*W]	Omega	u03A9	+
α	\[*a]	alpha	u03B1	+
β	\[*b]	beta	u03B2	+
γ	\[*g]	gamma	u03B3	+
δ	\[*d]	delta	u03B4	+
ε	\[*e]	epsilon	u03B5	+
ζ	\[*z]	zeta	u03B6	+
η	\[*y]	eta	u03B7	+
θ	\[*h]	theta	u03B8	+
ι	\[*i]	iota	u03B9	+
κ	\[*k]	kappa	u03BA	+
λ	\[*l]	lambda	u03BB	+
μ	\[*m]	mu	u03BC	+
ν	\[*n]	nu	u03BD	+
ξ	\[*c]	xi	u03BE	+
ο	\[*o]	omicron	u03BF	+
π	\[*p]	pi	u03C0	+
ρ	\[*r]	rho	u03C1	+
ς	\[ts]	sigma1	u03C2	terminal sigma +
σ	\[*s]	sigma	u03C3	+
τ	\[*t]	tau	u03C4	+
υ	\[*u]	upsilon	u03C5	+
ϕ	\[*f]	phi	u03D5	(stroked glyph) +
χ	\[*x]	chi	u03C7	+
ψ	\[*q]	psi	u03C8	+
ω	\[*w]	omega	u03C9	+
ϑ	\[+h]	theta1	u03D1	variant theta
φ	\[+f]	phi1	u03C6	variant phi (curly shape)
ϖ	\[+p]	omega1	u03D6	variant pi, looking like omega
ϵ	\[+e]	uni03F5	u03F5	variant epsilon

Card symbols

Output	Input	PostScript	Unicode	Notes
	\[CL]	club	u2663	black club suit
	\[SP]	spade	u2660	black spade suit
	\[HE]	heart	u2665	black heart suit
♡	\[u2661]	uni2661	u2661	white heart suit
	\[DI]	diamond	u2666	black diamond suit
♢	\[u2662]	uni2662	u2662	white diamond suit